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Appellant retrieved his pistol and fired three shots; the third shot struck another soldier and caused the loss of his kidney muscle relaxant ibuprofen buy skelaxin 400mg mastercard. At trial muscle relaxant non drowsy buy generic skelaxin 400mg on-line, defense counsel requested instructions on accident, defense of another, and withdrawal as reviving the right to selfdefense. Further, there was evidence in the record that appellant showed due care in firing his pistol to prevent further injury to his friend. See generally Milhizer, Voluntary Intoxication as a Criminal Defense Under Military Law, 127 Mil. Voluntary intoxication is a legitimate defense against an element of premeditation, specific intent, knowledge, or willfulness in any crime-except the element of specific intent in the crime of unpremeditated murder. To constitute a valid defense, voluntary intoxication need not deprive the accused of his mental capacities nor substantially deprive him of his mental capacities. Rather, it need only be of such a degree as to create a reasonable doubt that he 22-16 Chapter 22 Defenses [Back to Beginning of Chapter] premeditated or entertained the required intent, knowledge, or willfulness. Voluntary intoxication is not a defense to crimes involving only a general intent. If no evidence of excessive drinking or impairment, military judge is not required to instruct. An accused is involuntarily intoxicated when he exercises no independent judgment in taking the intoxicant-as, for example, when he has been made drunk by fraudulent contrivances of others, by accident, or by error of his physician. An accused who voluntarily takes the first drink, knowing from past experience that the natural and reasonably foreseeable consequences of that act will be a violent intoxicating reaction cannot claim that his condition was "involuntary" so as to interpose an affirmative defense. Compulsion to drink that merely results from alcoholism that has not risen to the level of a severe mental disease or defect is considered "voluntary intoxication" and will not generally excuse crimes committed while intoxicated. Involuntary intoxication is not available if accused is aware of his reduced tolerance for alcohol (such as when also ingesting other drugs) but chooses to consume it anyway. To the extent that military case law once equated involuntary intoxication to legal insanity, that case law is overturned. While it is true that the involuntary intoxication must have been such that it rendered the accused unable to appreciate the nature and quality or wrongfulness of his actions, the underlying cause of that inability is different. That is, an accused who raises the defense of involuntary intoxication has no burden to prove that he had an underlying mental disease or defect. An honest (subjective) mistake of fact or ignorance is generally a defense to crimes requiring premeditation, specific intent, knowledge, or willfulness. Similarly, an honest mistake can be a defense to presenting a false claim, United States v. A defense to general intent crimes-crimes lacking an element of premeditation, specific intent, knowledge or willfulness. Negates an element of premeditation, specific intent, willfulness, or actual knowledge. Certain offenses such as bad checks and dishonorable failure to pay debts require a special degree of prudence and the mistake and ignorance standards must be adjusted accordingly. To be a successful defense, the mistaken belief must be one which would, if true, exonerate the accused. Consent and Mistake of Fact as to Consent (for offenses involving the middle Article 120, effective 1 October 2007, and new Article 120, effective 28 June 2012). Article 120 provides that consent and mistake of fact as to consent are affirmative defenses for Rape, Aggravated Sexual Assault, Aggravated Sexual Contact, and Abusive Sexual Contact. An honest and reasonable mistake of fact as to consent is a defense in rape cases. When the evidence raises only an issue as to actual consent, the military judge has no sua sponte duty to instruct on mistake. Evidence cited by the defense in light of the totality of the circumstances, including the manner that the issue was litigated at trial, was insufficient to reasonably raise the issue of whether the accused had a reasonable belief that the victim consented to sexual intercourse. Article 120(b)(3) requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt that accused had actual knowledge that victim could not consent or reasonably should have known that victim could not consent.

Analyze the relationship between a primary and secondary source on the same topic muscle relaxant abuse generic 400 mg skelaxin fast delivery. Independently and proficiently read and comprehend history/social studies texts exhibiting complexity appropriate for the grade/course muscle relaxant orphenadrine order 400 mg skelaxin mastercard. This Framework does not set expectations for reading in mathematics at grades 6­12. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, quoting or paraphrasing as appropriate. Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. Follow precisely a multi-step procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. Determine the meaning of general academic vocabulary as well as symbols, notation, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6­8 texts and topics. Analyze the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to an understanding of the topic. Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually. Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgment based on research findings, and speculation in a text. Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. Introduce claim(s) about a topic or issue, acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims/critiques, and organize the reasons and evidence logically in paragraphs and sections. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant, accurate data and evidence that demonstrate an understanding of the topic or text, using credible sources. Use words, phrases, and clauses with precision to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims/critiques, reasons, and evidence. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for English Language Arts and Literacy 136 Grade 8 math students read, write, and reason to solve this problem: Kate is reading a 500-page book. The graph represents the relationship between the number of hours Kate has spent reading and the number of pages she has read. What is the total amount of time, in hours, it will take Kate to read the entire 500-page book? The equation y=50x represents the relationship between y, the number of pages he has read, and x, the number of hours he has spent reading. On the grid, graph the equation that represents the number of hours that Edward has spent reading and the number of pages he has read. Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; use paragraphs and sections to organize ideas, concepts, and information into broader categories as appropriate to achieving purpose; include text features. Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas, concepts, or procedures. Through a number of Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for English Language Arts and Literacy 137 sometimes extended entries, the writer sustains a believable tone and sense of wonder. Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed. Use technology, including current web-based communication platforms, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas clearly and efficiently. If you could go back to ancient Greece, would you rather live in Athens or in Sparta? In a paired set of arguments posted on Massachusetts Writing Standards in Action, two students make separate cases for the superiority of Athens and Sparta respectively, supporting their arguments with what they have read about the city states in social studies classes.

Canfield muscle relaxant brand names order skelaxin online, and Kajsa Larson Abstract Regional universities are often embedded within the community muscle relaxants purchase 400 mg skelaxin free shipping, and so community issues off campus are reflected on campus. Using innovative techniques and social media, the student-led, faculty-supervised initiative developed an awareness campaign and food pantry to help students facing hunger across campus. This case study provides an example of how on-campus programming must reflect the issues off campus. Introduction Hunger is a major issue facing American cities, with an estimated 17. In addition, more than 15% of the population lives within a food desert (Anderson & Burau, 2015). Department of Agriculture defines food deserts as any locale devoid of access to fresh and whole foods or with limited access to larger supermarkets with at least 500 residents or 33% of the census tract living outside one mile of a grocery store (Nutrition Digest, n. Poor nutrition stemming from hunger has wide-ranging effects, including poor educational outcomes for children, higher levels of obesity from an overreliance on processed food, and even death (Gunderson, 2014; Healthy People, 2020, n. College students are sometimes overlooked in examining hunger and food insecurity. However, university student bodies are often a reflection of the region and face the same issues as the larger community. This reflection may be more pronounced at regional universities where the vast majority of the students live in and are from the surrounding areas. Therefore, given the similarities among the local populations and campus populations, any issues facing a local population will likely appear on the nearby college campuses. The purpose of this paper is to describe a student-led, faculty supervised community engagement initiative addressing hunger on a regional college campus. Literature Review Community Engagement Higher education has a compelling responsibility to engage our larger communities. This responsibility entails an intentional step away from the ivory tower perspective, to serve both our own universities and the communities that comprise our neighborhoods and towns. In his commentary, Ernest Boyer noted that colleges and universities must "become a more vigorous partner in the search for answers to our most pressing social, civic, economic, and moral problems" (1996, p. This personal and social responsibility will ideally translate to the development of more civic-minded campuses, and a more civic-minded society in a longer-term perspective. The needs of our communities are imperative, especially as linked to the well-being of our institutions. The imperative to embrace community engagement in higher education has resulted in numerous classification standards, foundations to advance efforts, and long-term partnerships. A summary of several major organizations and their contributions is shown in Table 1. For that reason, community engagement in social work is the concentration in the following discussion. Community Engagement in Social Work Experiential learning is a particular focus of social work education, with the traditional emphasis on elements such as field experience and practicum placements. The experiential learning aspect of education moves students from materials learned in class, typically through traditional teaching methods, to direct application of those materials through experiences (Campbell, 2014). As an essential component of experiential learning, service learning offers a unique opportunity for students to learn in class and then apply those concepts in direct service (Arches, 2013). Through service learning, social work students are able to engage in the field without the more intense commitment of a practicum placement. Service learning in social work education solidifies the competencies expected by our accrediting body, the Council on Social Work Education (2015). The current competencies were approved by the Council in 2008, and revised in 2015. The newly revised competencies were formally adopted by vote over the summer of 2015. In the interest of providing updated information, the focus for this discussion centers on the 2015 competencies. In particular, service-learning experiences may be directly related to each of the revised social work competencies: 1.

Contacted 32 researchers who have conducted research in this field and asked them to review all the studies previously found and to suggest and provide any new studies spasms to the right of belly button cheap skelaxin 400 mg without a prescription. Attended professional meetings back spasms 4 weeks pregnant purchase generic skelaxin line, scanned abstracts, spoke with authors and obtained studies whenever possible. This comprehensive combination of methods identified 109 studies meeting the criteria above. The review team identified the following number of sexuality education programmes demonstrating effects on sexual behaviours: Developing countries (N=29) Initiation of Sex United States (N=47) 15 17 0 6 15 0 11 12 0 14 17 0 4 4 1 15 9 0 Other developed countries (N=11) 2 7 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 4 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 All countries (N=87) 23 40 0 10 21 1 16 20 0 23 35 0 6 8 1 16 13 1 37% 63% 0% 31% 66% 3% 44% 56% 0% 40% 60% 0% 40% 53% 7% 53% 43% 3% Delayed initiation Had no significant impact Hastened initiation Frequency of Sex 6 16 0 4 5 0 5 8 0 7 14 0 1 3 0 1 3 1 Decreased frequency Had no significant impact Increased frequency Number of Sexual Partners Decreased number Had no significant impact Increased number Use of Condoms Increased use Had no significant impact Decreased use Use of contraception Increased use Had no significant impact Decreased use Sexual Risk-Taking Reduced risk Had no significant impact Increased risk 128 10 - Appendices Appendix V Studies referenced as part of the evidence review 20165 (Those marked with * were included in the analysis of systematic reviews and high-quality evaluations. Effectiveness of health education teachers and school nurses teaching sexually transmitted infections/human immunodeficiency virus prevention knowledge and skills in high school. The cultural adaptation of prevention interventions: resolving tensions between fidelity and fit. Twenty Years After International Conference on Population and Development: Where Are We With Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights? Scaling up sexuality education in Senegal: integrating family life education into the national curriculum. Effective strategies to provide adolescent sexual and reproductive health services and to increase demand and community support. The federal evaluation of the enhanced healthteacher teenage pregnancy prevention program. Transporting Evidence-Based Parenting Programs for Child Problem Behavior (Age 3-10) Between Countries: Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis. Impacts of an Enhanced Family Health and Sexuality Module of the HealthTeacher Middle School Curriculum. Programs to reduce teen pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and associated sexual risk behaviors: A systematic review. Interventions Using New Digital Media to Improve Adolescent Sexual Health: A Systematic Review. Young people, pregnancy and social exclusion: A systematic synthesis of research evidence to identify effective, appropriate and promising approaches for prevention and support. Generating demand and community support for sexual and reproductive health services for young people: A review of the Literature and Programs. Impact and cost-effectiveness analysis of the national school-based sexuality education programme in Estonia. Interventions to Prevent Unintended and Repeat Pregnancy Among Young People in Low- and MiddleIncome Countries: A Systematic Review of the Published and Gray Literature. Grey literature in meta-analyses of randomized trials of health care interventions. Improving Low-Income Teen Health Behaviors with Internet-Linked Clinic Interventions. Evaluation of the Implementation of the Ministerial Declaration: From Commitment to Action ­ Advances in Latin America and the Caribbean. Making the Case for Selective and Directed Cultural Adaptations of Evidence-Based Treatments: Examples From Parent Training. Transported Versus Homegrown Parenting Interventions for Reducing Disruptive Child Behavior: A Multilevel MetaRegression Study. A systematic review of the role of school-based healthcare in adolescent sexual, reproductive, and mental health. Behavioural interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in young people aged 13-19 years: a systematic review. What do young people think about their school-based sex and relationship education? What Tanzanian parents want (and do not want) covered in school-based sex and relationships education. Program fidelity and adaptation: Meeting local needs without compromising program effectiveness. School leadership evidence review: using research evidence to support school improvement. The effectiveness and costeffectiveness of behavioural interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in young people aged 13-19: A systematic review and economic evaluation. Impact of Parent-Child Communication Interventions on Sex Behaviors and Cognitive Outcomes for Black/AfricanAmerican and Hispanic/Latino Youth: A Systematic Review, 1988­2012. Creating an enabling environment for adolescent sexual and reproductive health: a framework and promising approaches.

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Decorative water features are a frequent addition to public and private spaces and may serve as potential disease reservoirs muscle relaxant klonopin generic skelaxin 400mg overnight delivery, but they can be overlooked in water safety plans due to their unassuming size or lack of visible aerosol generation spasms 1983 wikipedia order skelaxin 400 mg mastercard. Eighteen cases of legionellosis were recognized in the summer and fall of 2005 due to this improved surveillance. The list of sites tested was extensive and citywide, including cooling towers, chillers, condensers, supermarket misters, showers, sinks, hot water tanks, municipal water systems and treatment plants, hot tubs, and multiple fountains. Legionella contamination was widespread, being identified in 35% of the locations tested. Legionella pneumophila sg1 was the most common environmental isolate recovered from the study region (from 43 of 123 sources); however, a number of other serogroups and non-pneumophila Legionella species were also cultured, including L. It is not uncommon to find multiple potential transmission sources during outbreak investigations. As previously reported (531), Legionella has become a problem for cruise ships in a similar fashion as for hotels; both must manage complex air-handling networks as well as potable and recreational water distribution systems with the potential for Legionella growth and transmission. A similar trend was documented in Europe, with a 158% increase over 9 years starting in 2004 (146, 148). In the United States, the increasing median age, and concomitant decreasing health, of a growing population may also promote this trend (534, 558). However, the actual dis- January 2015 Volume 28 Number 1 Clinical Microbiology Reviews cmr. Physical and chemical examination of the spa revealed large amounts of organic material in the sand filtration unit and no detectable bromine, which was required to prevent microbial growth. Importantly, Legionella culture growth was recovered from only this single location. State and international epidemiologists were immediately notified about the outbreak, and questionnaires were mailed to 3,000 recent passengers in an effort to identify additional cases of disease. Legionella contamination onboard passenger and cargo vessels may be an unappreciated hazard, as detailed here and as documented in sporadic cases and outbreaks on smaller scales (531, 539­547). As described above, recreational baths and whirlpool spas can provide optimal conditions for bacterial growth and transmission and are among the nonpotable water sources most frequently associated with ship- and land-based outbreaks (18, 194­198, 531, 541, 549­556). Even sampling in similar types of environments or scenarios requires an appreciation of individual water and air management systems, usage patterns, and, in some cases, weather and prevailing winds. The complex and sometimes unmapped water distribution systems found in both old- and new-building construction during a sustained outbreak at a regional transplant center necessitated sampling at hundreds of potential sites; unlike a typical transmission point source, the outbreak strain was systemic and was found in multiple areas. Several case patients in the South Dakota investigation remembered their potential restaurant exposure only after a reinterview or hearing about the outbreak in the media, and the implicated decorative fountain was not originally sampled because it was turned off during the environmental investigation and therefore was considered an unlikely source (85). Mercante and Winchell Controlling Disease Transmission Legionellae are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems (both aquatic and terrestrial), and advances in building technologies, particularly since the 1950s. High rates of morbidity and mortality may result when large human populations are brought into close proximity to respiratory pathogens, especially at locations that concentrate individuals in at-risk groups. Therefore, a second key to addressing legionellosis in the coming decades is minimizing or eliminating disease transmission through risk assessment, regular maintenance of potable and nonpotable water systems, and water monitoring and treatment in facilities that care for susceptible populations. Several informational resources are available to building managers, industrial hygienists, and administrators (as well as to clinicians, laboratorians, and the general public) to inform and guide their decisions in the design of a comprehensive plan to inhibit Legionella colonization or when contemplating action after a positive test result or disease is discovered. This is a key first step to understanding and addressing legionellosis in the coming decades. An additional, unintended consequence of undetected outbreaks is the missed opportunity for further description of disease risk and clinical presentation. For example, a wide spectrum of clinical features was recently reported for full-term infants exposed to Legionella-containing aerosols from a cold-mist humidifier (559). Two United Kingdom agencies, the Health and Safety Executive and Public Health England (currently merging with the Health Protection Agency), also provide useful informational resources. Finally, there are many additional documents and resources from organizations and government agencies not included here that may serve as important guidance and instruction for interested parties. Table 3 is not meant to be an exhaustive list but rather representative of the types and scope of resources available. The issue of ongoing microbial water monitoring is controversial and thus warrants special attention. These facilities should be vigilant in clinical surveillance for Legionella and maintain a high index of suspicion for disease even when results of environmental testing are negative (561). Outside this institutional population, general hospitals and facilities for seniors and the elderly.